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- Astronomers of antiquity explained the seemingly backward motion of planets with epicyclic orbits. According to the
- epicyclic model, planets travelled on their own small circular orbits (epicyclic circles) around a centre point, which was
- located on the actual orbit (deferent). Epicycles were essential for a geocentric world view, because the occasionally
- backward movement of planets could not be explained otherwise.
- The introduction of a heliocentric world view made the epicycles smaller, but only in the 1700's could Kepler get rid of
- the need for epicycles. He discovered that the Earth's orbit around the Sun was in fact elliptical, with the Sun at one of
- the focal points of the ellipse.
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- Before Kepler, it was thought that all orbits in the solar system were circular. Probably the first to introduce the theory
- of epicycles was the famous mathematician Apollonius of Pergamum (265 - 170 BC). The theory was later developed
- by Hipparchus and Ptolemy.
-